Geuens, Maggie creator Weijters, Bert De Wulf, Kristof text International Journal of Research in Marketing 2009 monographic eng Eng lis h

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In response to criticism of brand personality measures that embrace other aspects besides brand personality, we developed a new brand personality measure consisting of personality items only. Belgian respondents (n = 12,789) participated in a study of 193 brands. The new scale consists of five factors that show an affinity with the Big Five human personality dimensions. Unlike existing scales, this new measure proved to be reliable for between-brand between-category comparisons, for between-brand within-category comparisons, and for between-respondent comparisons. Moreover, the scale showed high test–retest reliability and cross-cultural validity (in the US and nine other European countries). / Maggie Geuens, Bert Weijters, Kristof De Wulf Brand personality Brand attitude Scale development Scale reliability Scale validity 0167-8116 https://bibliotheque.tbs-education.fr/Default/doc/edselp/S0167811609000172/a-new-measure-of-brand-personality https://bibliotheque.tbs-education.fr/Default/doc/edselp/S0167811609000172/a-new-measure-of-brand-personality English 250910 20251103160810.0